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Least squares confidence bounds can be computed for both the model parameters and metrics of interest for the Duane model.
This section of the on-line reference includes the following subsections:
Apply least squares analysis on the Duane model:
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The unbiased estimator of σ2 can be obtained from:
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where:

Thus, the confidence bounds on α and b are:
(19)
(20)
where tn-2,α/2 denotes the percentage point of the t distribution with n - 2 degrees of freedom such that P{tn-2 ≥ tα/2,n-2} = α/2 and:
(21)
(22)
(23)
Confidence bounds also can be obtained on the cumulative MTBF and the cumulative failure intensity:
(24)
(25)
(26)
When n is large, the approximate 100(1 - α)% confidence bounds for instantaneous MTBF are given by:
(27)
(28)
and
; therefore,
the confidence bounds on the instantaneous failure intensity are:
(29)
(30)
For the data given in Table 4.3, calculate the 90% confidence bounds for:
Using the values of
and
estimated
from the least squares analysis in Example
3:

Eqn. (23) is:

Eqn. (21) is:

Eqn. (22) is:

Thus, 90% confidence bounds on parameter α using Eqn. (19) are:

And 90% confidence bounds on parameter b using Eqn. (20) are:

2. The cumulative failure intensity is:

And the instantaneous failure intensity is equal to:

So, at the 90% confidence level and for T = 22,000 hr, the confidence bounds on cumulative failure intensity are:

For the instantaneous failure intensity:

Figures 4.7 and 4.8 show the graphs of the cumulative and instantaneous failure intensity. Both are plotted with confidence bounds.

Figure 4.7: Cumulative Failure Intensity plot with 2-sided 90% confidence bounds |

Figure 4.8: Instantaneous Failure Intensity plot with 2-sided 90% confidence bounds |
3. The cumulative MTBF is:

And the instantaneous MTBF is:

So, at 90% confidence level and for T = 22,000 hr, the confidence bounds on the cumulative MTBF are:


Figure 4.9 displays the cumulative MTBF while Figure 4.10 displays the instantaneous MTBF. Both are plotted with confidence bounds.

Figure 4.9: Cumulative MTBF plot with 2-sided 90% confidence bounds |

Figure 4.10: Instantaneous MTBF plot with 2-sided 90% confidence bounds |